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General information about Lithium |
| Lithium |
| Li |
| 3 |
| Alkani metals |
| 1 |
| 2 |
| s |
| soft, silvery-white metal |
| 6.941(2) g·mol-1 |
| 1s2 2s1 |
| 2, 1 |
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Physical properties of Lithium |
| solid |
| ? |
| 453.69(K),
180.54°C, 356.97°F |
| 1615(K),
1342°C, 2456.6°F |
| ? |
| (extrapolated) 3223(K), 67 MPa |
| 3.00 kJ·mol-1 |
| 147.1 kJ·mol-1 |
| 24.860 J·mol-1·K-1 |
| 0.98 (Pauling scale) |
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Atomic structure of Lithium |
| 2.05 Å |
| 13.1 cm³/mol |
| 1.23 Å |
| 70.5 |
| Cubic body centered |
| 68 (+1e) |
| 2s1 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 3 |
| 1 |
| 2s1 |
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Electron dot
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Other languages |
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| Latin: |
Lithium |
| Czech: |
Lithium |
| Croatian: |
Litij |
| French: |
Lithium |
| German: |
Lithium - s |
| Italian: |
Litio |
| Norwegian: |
Litium |
| Portuguese: |
Litio |
| Spanish: |
Lítio |
| Swedish: |
Litium |
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| Element |
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Brief description |
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Lithium has a melting point of 180.54C, boiling point of 1342C, specific gravity of 0.534 (20C), and valence of 1. It is the lightest of the metals, with a density approximately half that of water. It has the highest specific heat of any solid element. Metallic lithium is silvery in appearance. It reacts with water, but not as vigorously as does sodium. Lithium imparts a crimson color to flame, although the metal itself burns a bright white. Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling.
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Uses of Lithium |
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Lithium is used in heat transfer applications. It is used as an alloying agent, in synthesizing organic compounds, and is added to glasses and ceramics. Its high electrochemical potential makes it useful for battery anodes. Lithium chloride and lithium bromide are highly hygroscopic, so are used as drying agents. Lithium stearate is used as a high-temperature lubricant. Lithium has medical applications, as well.
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Hystory of Lithium |
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- Discoverer: August Arfvedson
- Discovery Location: Sweden
- Discovery Year: 1817
- Name Origin: Greek: lithos, stone
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