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General information about Silicon |
| Silicon |
| Si |
| 14 |
| Metalloids |
| 14 |
| 3 |
| p |
| crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces |
| 28.0855(3) g·mol-1 |
| 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p2 |
| 2, 8, 4 |
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Physical properties of Silicon |
| solid |
| 2.3290 g·cm-3 |
| 1687(K),
1414°C, 2577 °F |
| 3538(K),
3265°C, 5909 °F |
| ? |
| ? |
| 50.21 kJ·mol-1 |
| 359 kJ·mol-1 |
| 19.789 J·mol-1·K-1 |
| 1.90 (Pauling scale) |
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Atomic structure of Silicon |
| 1.46 Å |
| 12.1 cm³/mol |
| 1.11 Å |
| 0.171 |
| Cubic face centered |
| 42 (+4e) 271 (-4e) |
| 3p2 |
| 14 |
| 14 |
| 14 |
| 4 |
| 3s2p2 |
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Electron dot
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Other languages |
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The melting point of silicon is 1410C, boiling point is 2355C, specific gravity is 2.33 (25C), with a valence of 4. Crystalline silicon has a metallic grayish color. Silicon is relatively inert, but it is attacked by dilute alkali and by halogens. Silicon transmits over 95% of all infrared wavelengths (1.3-6.7 mm).
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Silicon is one of the most widely used elements. Silicon is important to plant and animal life. Diatoms extract silica from water to build their cell walls. Silica is found in plant ashes and in the human skeleton. Silicon is an important ingredient in steel. Silicon carbide is an important abrasive and is used in lasers to produce coherent light at 456.0 nm. Silicon doped with gallium, arsenic, boron, etc. is used to produce transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other important solid-state electronic devices. Silicones range from liquids to hard solids and have many useful properties, including use as adhesives, sealants, and insulators. Sand and clay are used to make building materials. Silica is used to make glass, which has many useful mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties.
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